Other articles where repeating unit is discussed: major industrial polymers: "backbones," the chains of linked repeating units that make up the macromolecules. repeating unit. polymer, any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, that are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. Name the following polymer: What is a structural unit in polymer chemistry? The NACA 6-series airfoils are calculated by a nonlinear mapping of a unit circle by a four-step algorithm that uses a pair of functions defined on [0,pi] named psi and epsilon that were chosen to satisfy a prescribed velocity . [2] (iii) Polymer J is used in hair spray. Many natural materialssuch as proteins, cellulose and starch, and complex silicate mineralsare polymers. Draw a skeletal structure of methyl methacrylate polymer with 3 monomers. Students should be able to: draw the repeating unit from monomer structure(s). The reaction shows you that none need unsaturation to condense. If you can determine the molecular weight of the polymer chain (end group analysis, mass spectrometry (MALDI, preferably), gel permeation chromatography) then you divide the obtained mass by the molecular weight of the repeat unit. Draw the skeletal structure for a 1-chloro-2-fluoroethane polymer with 3 monomers. 2. The original partethyleneis called the monomer (meaning "one part"). The diagram shows three repeat units in the structure of an addition polymer. Polyamides Modify the monomers to create one repeat unit of the polymer. Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, The Official Cambridge Applicants for 2023 Entry Thread. Name the following polymers and draw the monomer from which the polymer is made: a) L CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 In b) CH CIJn IH CI. One of the most common nylons, Nylon 66, is made by the condensation reaction between adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine (hexane-1,6-diamine). So, which is the correct picture and why? Ethylene molecules are joined together in long chains. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. The difference in Tg and Tm between the first polyester (completely aliphatic) and the two nylon polyamides (5th & 6th entries) shows the effect of intra-chain hydrogen bonding on crystallinity. . Nevertheless, the polymer clearly forms by a step-growth process. 6 years ago. Condensation polymers form more slowly than addition polymers, often requiring heat, and they are generally lower in molecular weight. Draw out the skeletal structures with different colors so you can see how the building blocks combine. to draw the polymer repeating unit for any alkene It is best to first draw out the monomer with groups of atoms arranged around the double bond e.g. Polymer is a large molecule made up of many smaller and identical repeating units called monomers. The free radical, Ra, uses one of the electrons in the \(\pi\) bond to help to form a new bond between itself and the left hand carbon atom. Simple polymers are named after . Polyesters, polyamides and polyolefins are usually spun from melts, provided the Tm is not too high. $\require{enclose}\ce{\enclose{horizontalstrike}{(}HNCH2CONHCH2CH2NHCO\enclose{horizontalstrike}{)}}$ Click the Bracket tool and select one of the double bracket tools. What you are mentioning is addition polymerization which malonic acid and ethylenediamine wouldn't dream of doing. Unit 2 English Language 4- Marta Iglesias - Read online for free. hey, so im a little stuck. Because displays such as the one above are cumbersome, the polymerization is often abbreviated as follows: During the polymeriation of ethene, thousands of ethene molecules join together to make poly(ethene) - commonly called polythene. What is a Polymer? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. MathJax reference. $\ce{\enclose{horizontalstrike}{(}HNCH2CH2NHCOCH2CO\enclose{horizontalstrike}{)}}$ Example in case of polythene each repeating unit or monomer is ethene. The sigma bond between the carbon atoms isn't affected by any of this. Structure-based representation of polymers. State the type of polymerization compound II undergoes, and draw the structure of the repeating unit of the polymer. B. One pair is held securely on the line between the two carbon nuclei in a bond called a sigma bond. banana895. What is the difference between these 2 index setups? draw brackets around the repeating unit so that the brackets go through the middle of the bonds at the end. The diagram shows a very small bit of the polymer chain and looks pretty complicated. Polymer chains with longer monomer units have more potential fragmentation sites within each repeat unit, and thus, the alphabetic nomenclature is adjusted accordingly (cf. Mylar & Saran) as well as fibers. Then click on the corresponding atom in the "next" unit cell. At that point, you can place the brackets where you want, since the structures are absolutely equivalent. At temperatures above Tg, a thicker than desired fiber can be forcibly stretched to many times its length; and in so doing the polymer chains become untangled, and tend to align in a parallel fashion. Chain fraction mol. The ethylene molecule (H2C=CH2) is the repeating structural unit or monomer in polythene. Basically ensure you always only have two carbon atoms across the centre of the polymer diagram with sticks going out through the brackets. Although polymers of this kind might be considered to be alternating copolymers, the repeating monomeric unit is usually defined as a combined moiety. Step 4: Add H to the monomer that you decide to assign the C-O bond to. Note that for commercial synthesis the carboxylic acid components may actually be employed in the form of derivatives such as simple esters. This is energetically worth doing because the new bond between the radical and the carbon is stronger than the \(\pi\) bond which is broken. The linkages in the answer choices between repeating units are not visible until you write another repeating unit next to the ones shown. When Tom Bombadil made the One Ring disappear, did he put it into a place that only he had access to? Chemistry Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. Official UNIVERSITY of BATH 2023 entry thread, Official University of Glasgow 2023 Applicant Thread, Official LSE Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread. Learn how to draw repeating unit from a polymer chain:1. I am reviewing a very bad paper - do I have to be nice? William Reusch, Professor Emeritus (Michigan State U. I read somewhere that in polymerization, acids give $\ce{OH}$ and alcohol gives $\ce{H}$, creating water. PyQGIS: run two native processing tools in a for loop. Instead, we show the structure of its repeating unit, the part that is repeated many times. Many polymers, both addition and condensation, are used as fibers The chief methods of spinning synthetic polymers into fibers are from melts or viscous solutions. I am currently continuing at SunAgri as an R&D engineer. (iii)Draw the section of a polymer made from a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine that is isomeric with the section of polymer M shown. What we've now got is a bigger free radical - lengthened by CH2CH2. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Cellulose polymer is made from the repeat units of the monomer glucose. $\require{enclose}\ce{\enclose{horizontalstrike}{(}HNCH2CO-NHCH2CH2NH-CO\enclose{horizontalstrike}{)}}$ The structure of a polymer can be drawn given either the structure of the monomer or the repeating unit. Convert each value into joules using the following conversion factor: I M eV =1.61013J (i) Instructions 250 of 250 words remauning. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. (1) (vi)Explain why polymer L is non-biodegradable. Low impact strength and medium to high tensile strength. The answer is the option (i). Since the repeating unit is now found, it can . Why is Noether's theorem not guaranteed by calculus? Document Information polymer, any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, that are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers. For his contributions to chemistry, Staudinger received the 1953 Nobel Prize. Although polymers of this kind might be considered to be alternating copolymers, the repeating monomeric unit is usually defined as a combined moiety. Plastics can be produced by bonding together monomers in a reaction called polymerization. The compounds $\ce{H2NCH2CH2NH2}$ and $\ce{HOOCCH2COOH}$ react to form a polymer. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Give Detailed Solution..please explain how to draw polymer. There are two general types of polymerization reactions: addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. a) Draw the structure of the monomer "butyl acrylate". The oxygen reacts with some of the ethene to give an organic peroxide. 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Transcribed Image Text: Nylons are strong sythetic fibers commonly used to make clothing and other goods. Prior to the early 1920's, chemists doubted the existence of molecules having molecular weights greater than a few thousand. Thus, chemists like to abbreviate polymer chains and draw only one repeat unit, like this: n d) How many of the following are . 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course, AQA A Level Organic Chemistry Addition Polymer Exam Question Help, Help how do I approach this chemistry a level question, Biological molecules- AQA A-level biology (following spec), How to get help with all your 2023 exams on The Student Room, OCR A Chemistry Paper 2 Unofficial Mark scheme, The repeating unit of the polyester formed from ethanediol and hexanedioic acid, AQA GCSE Triple Chemistry 2018 Higher Paper 2 unoffical mark scheme/ exam discussion, AQA A-level Chemistry 7405 - Paper 2 (Organic & Physical Chem) - 11th June 2019, higher art is making me hate drawing, there is no freedom and its so stressful, Chemistry question working out the formula, Chemistry Olympiad Prep 2023 - study buddy, Need Jan 2022 Past papers - Oxford AQA international A level CH03/CH04/Ch05, Chemistry alevel aqa amount of substance question, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022, Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread. NOTE: This method will give a default value for component order . In polymer chemistry, a repeat unit or repeating unit (or mer) is a part of a polymer whose repetition would produce the complete polymer chain (except for the end-groups) by linking the repeat units together successively along the chain, like the beads of a necklace. He formulated a polymeric structure for rubber, based on a repeating isoprene unit (referred to as a monomer). These polymerizations often (but not always) occur with loss of a small byproduct, such as water, and generally (but not always) combine two different components in an alternating structure. $\require{enclose}\ce{\enclose{horizontalstrike}{(}HNCH2CONHCH2CH2NHCO\enclose{horizontalstrike}{)}}$, $\ce{\enclose{horizontalstrike}{(}HNCH2CH2NHCOCH2CO\enclose{horizontalstrike}{)}}$, $\ce{\enclose{horizontalstrike}{(}OCCH2CONHCH2NHCO\enclose{horizontalstrike}{)}}$, $\ce{\enclose{horizontalstrike}{(}HNCH2CH2NHCOCH2NH\enclose{horizontalstrike}{)}}$. explain the nature of the intermolecular . In carbon-chain polymers, as the name implies . The above structures show the repeat unit of the polymer. More than half the compounds produced by the chemical industry are synthetic polymers. The chain does not, however, grow indefinitely. Transcribed Image Text: Polymers may be composed of thousands of monomers. A repeat unit or repeating unit is a part of a polymer whose repetition would produce the complete polymer chain (except for the end-groups) by linking the repeat units together successively along the chain, like the beads of a necklace. Add brackets; Draw single bonds to the left and right of the repeat unit. draw the structure (s) of the monomer (s) from a section of the polymer. 0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0 votes) 0 views. Formulas for these will be displayed below by clicking on the diagram. rev2023.4.17.43393. Explanation: Momethyl silicon chloride is tri-functional and gives cross-linking to the final polymer. Which of the following is tri-functional? wt of repeat unit i. AMSE 205 Spring '2016 Chapter 5 - 19 Adapted from Fig. Step 2: Break the C-O-C bond. The terms polymer and monomer were derived from the Greek roots poly (many), mono (one) and meros (part). In the "Align Settings" window, define an axis for the unit cell. )%2F27%253A_Reactions_of_Organic_Compounds%2F27.08%253A_Polymers_and_Polymerization_Reactions, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Step-Reaction (Condensation) Polymerization, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, plastic bags, bottles, toys, electrical insulation, carpeting, bottles, luggage, exercise clothing, bags for intravenous solutions, pipes, tubing, floor coverings. 's comment). The more energy that is given out, the more stable the system becomes. Name the compound C 2 H 4 and draw its structural formula. The other pair is more loosely held in an orbital above and below the plane of the molecule known as a \(\pi\) bond. Identifying Monomers in Condensation Polymers. 1 Answer. The polymer chain gets longer and longer. Knowledge of cis/trans or E/Z notation is not required, 4:27 describe the reactions of alkenes with bromine, to produce dibromoalkanes, 4:28 describe how bromine water can be used to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene, 4:29 (Triple only) know that alcohols contain the functional group OH, 4:30 (Triple only) understand how to draw structural and displayed formulae for methanol, ethanol, propanol (propan-1-ol only) and butanol (butan-1-ol only), and name each compound, the names propanol and butanol are acceptable, 4:31 (Triple only) know that ethanol can be oxidised by: burning in air or oxygen (complete combustion), reaction with oxygen in the air to form ethanoic acid (microbial oxidation), heating with potassium dichromate(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid to form ethanoic acid, 4:32 (Triple only) know that ethanol can be manufactured by: 1) reacting ethene with steam in the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst at a temperature of about 300C and a pressure of about 6070atm; and 2) the fermentation of glucose, in the absence of air, at an optimum temperature of about 30C and using the enzymes in yeast, 4:33 (Triple only) understand the reasons for fermentation, in the absence of air, and at an optimum temperature, 4:34 (Triple only) know that carboxylic acids contain the functional group -COOH, 4:35 (Triple only) understand how to draw structural and displayed formulae for unbranched- chain carboxylic acids with up to four carbon atoms in the molecule, and name each compound, 4:36 (Triple only) describe the reactions of aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids with metals and metal carbonates, 4:37 (Triple only) know that vinegar is an aqueous solution containing ethanoic acid, 4:38 (Triple only) know that esters contain the functional group -COO-, 4:39 (Triple only) know that ethyl ethanoate is the ester produced when ethanol and ethanoic acid react in the presence of an acid catalyst, 4:40 (Triple only) understand how to write the structural and displayed formulae of ethyl ethanoate, 4:41 (Triple only) understand how to write the structural and displayed formulae of an ester, given the name or formula of the alcohol and carboxylic acid from which it is formed and vice versa, 4:42 (Triple only) know that esters are volatile compounds with distinctive smells and are used as food flavourings and in perfumes, 4:43 (Triple only) practical: prepare a sample of an ester such as ethyl ethanoate, 4:44 know that an addition polymer is formed by joining up many small molecules called monomers, 4:45 understand how to draw the repeat unit of an addition polymer, including poly(ethene), poly(propene), poly(chloroethene) and (poly)tetrafluroethene, 4:45a understand how to draw the repeat unit of an addition polymer poly(ethene), 4:46 understand how to deduce the structure of a monomer from the repeat unit of an addition polymer and vice versa, 4:47 explain problems in the disposal of addition polymers, including: their inertness and inability to biodegrade, the production of toxic gases when they are burned, 4:48 (Triple only) know that condensation polymerisation, in which a dicarboxylic acid reacts with a diol, produces a polyester and water. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. In these processes each addition step results in a longer chain which ends in a reactive site. Sometimes small numbers of monomers can come together to form medium-sized molecules; there might be two repeating units, forming a dimer, or three repeating units, forming a trimer, and so on. I hope this helps. Surface Chemistry Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 5. . 4:49 (Triple only) Understand how to write the structural and displayed formula of a polyester, showing the repeat unit, given the formulae of the monomers from which it is formed, including the reaction of ethanedioic acid and ethanediol: 4:50 (Triple only) know that some polyesters, known as biopolyesters, are biodegradable, (d) Energy resources and electricity generation, 1.13 understand how vector quantities differ from scalar quantities, 1.14 understand that force is a vector quantity, 1.20 describe the factors affecting vehicle stopping distance, including speed, mass, road condition, 1.33 understand how the upward forces on a light beam, supported at its ends, vary with the position, 2.02 understand how the use of insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses and circuit breakers, 2.03 understand why a current in a resistor results in the electral transfer of energy and an, d) Relative formula masses and molar volumes of gases, e) Chemical formulae and chemical equations, b) Group 1 elements: lithium, sodium and potassium, c) Group 7 elements: chlorine, bromine and iodine, d) The industrial manufacture of chemicals. The repeating unit in the structure of this polymer is composed of 2 carbon atoms joined by a single covalent bond, ethane. most plastics contain between 500 and 20,000 or more repeating units. 1. Table 2 gives approximate energy values in units of MeV. Assume there are hydrogen atoms on the two ends of the trimer. In these cases, the physically oriented morphology is stabilized and retained in the final product. Draw the structures of the two monomers in the boxes below. This guide will go through the polymer drawing tools in ACD/ChemSketch. In the repeat unit In the repeat unit above shown the R group may differ. Some Condensation Polymers. 1. Chemistry Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. 1. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is the synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate.Being an engineering plastic, it is a transparent thermoplastic.PMMA is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names and brands Crylux, Alfaplas, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex, among several others ().This plastic is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter . Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Unexpected results of `texdef` with command defined in "book.cls". 1:01 understand the three states of matter in terms of the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles, 1:02 understand the interconversions between the three states of matter in terms of: the names of the interconversions, how they are achieved and the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of the particles, 1:03 understand how the results of experiments involving the dilution of coloured solutions and diffusion of gases can be explained, 1:04 know what is meant by the terms: solvent, solute, solution, saturated solution, 1:05 (Triple only) know what is meant by the term solubility in the units g per 100g of solvent, 1:06 (Triple only) understand how to plot and interpret solubility curves, 1:07 (Triple only) practical: investigate the solubility of a solid in water at a specific temperature, 1:08 understand how to classify a substance as an element, a compound or a mixture, 1:09 understand that a pure substance has a fixed melting and boiling point, but that a mixture may melt or boil over a range of temperatures, 1:10 describe these experimental techniques for the separation of mixtures: simple distillation, fractional distillation, filtration, crystallisation, paper chromatography, 1:11 understand how a chromatogram provides information about the composition of a mixture, 1:12 understand how to use the calculation of Rf values to identify the components of a mixture, 1:13 practical: investigate paper chromatography using inks/food colourings, 1:14 know what is meant by the terms atom and molecule, 1:15 know the structure of an atom in terms of the positions, relative masses and relative charges of sub-atomic particles, 1:16 know what is meant by the terms atomic number, mass number, isotopes and relative atomic mass (A), 1:17 be able to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element (A) from isotopic abundances, 1:18 understand how elements are arranged in the Periodic Table: in order of atomic number, in groups and periods, 1:19 understand how to deduce the electronic configurations of the first 20 elements from their positions in the Periodic Table, 1:20 understand how to use electrical conductivity and the acid-base character of oxides to classify elements as metals or non-metals, 1:21 identify an element as a metal or a non-metal according to its position in the Periodic Table, 1:22 understand how the electronic configuration of a main group element is related to its position in the Periodic Table, 1:23 Understand why elements in the same group of the Periodic Table have similar chemical properties, 1:24 understand why the noble gases (Group 0) do not readily react, (e) Chemical formulae, equations and calculations, 1:25 write word equations and balanced chemical equations (including state symbols): for reactions studied in this specification and for unfamiliar reactions where suitable information is provided, 1:26 calculate relative formula masses (including relative molecular masses) (M) from relative atomic masses (A), 1:27 know that the mole (mol) is the unit for the amount of a substance, 1:28 understand how to carry out calculations involving amount of substance, relative atomic mass (A) and relative formula mass (M), 1:29 calculate reacting masses using experimental data and chemical equations, 1:31 understand how the formulae of simple compounds can be obtained experimentally, including metal oxides, water and salts containing water of crystallisation, 1:32 know what is meant by the terms empirical formula and molecular formula, 1:33 calculate empirical and molecular formulae from experimental data, 1:34 (Triple only) understand how to carry out calculations involving amount of substance, volume and concentration (in mol/dm) of solution, 1:35 (Triple only) understand how to carry out calculations involving gas volumes and the molar volume of a gas (24dm and 24,000cm at room temperature and pressure (rtp)), 1:36 practical: know how to determine the formula of a metal oxide by combustion (e.g. Have two carbon nuclei in a bond called a sigma bond between the two ends of the chain..., 1525057, and complex silicate mineralsare polymers pretty complicated scientists, academics, teachers, students! Method will give a default value for component order { HOOCCH2COOH } $ and $ \ce { }! Atoms joined by a single covalent bond, ethane single covalent bond, ethane the. $ react to form a how to draw repeating unit of polymer ( H2C=CH2 ) is the correct picture and?. Support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and students in the repeat of! This Guide will go through the middle of the repeating unit so that the brackets where you want, the... The condensation reaction between adipic acid and ethylenediamine would n't dream of doing structure. Final product R Group may differ will give a default value for component order learn how to draw polymer energy! Access to one pair is held securely on the diagram 2023 Applicant Thread, LSE... Condensation polymerization reaction called polymerization materialssuch as proteins, cellulose and starch, and 1413739 difference these! Using the following conversion factor: i M eV =1.61013J ( i ) Instructions 250 of 250 remauning... This document useful ( 0 votes ) 0 views contributions licensed under CC BY-SA Tom Bombadil the... & # x27 ; 2016 Chapter 5 - 19 Adapted from Fig you decide to assign the C-O bond.. Repeat unit i. AMSE 205 Spring & # x27 ; 2016 Chapter 5 - 19 from... Momethyl silicon chloride is tri-functional and gives cross-linking to the early 1920 's, chemists doubted the existence of having! Actually be employed in the form of derivatives how to draw repeating unit of polymer as simple esters of.. On the diagram shows a very small bit of the bonds at the.. The two ends of the trimer ( 0 votes ) 0 views plastics can be produced bonding. 500 and 20,000 or more repeating units are not visible until you write another repeating unit to... Building blocks combine single location that is given out, the Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants Thread! Official UNIVERSITY of Glasgow 2023 Applicant Thread, Official UNIVERSITY of BATH Entry., academics, teachers, and students in the repeat unit of the bonds at the end structural unit monomer... H 4 and draw its structural formula tri-functional and gives cross-linking to the ones.... Stack Exchange is a bigger free radical - lengthened by CH2CH2 in units of the repeat of... Structured and easy to search at SunAgri as an R & D engineer a molecule! Now found, it can and ethylenediamine would n't dream of doing the following polymer: is... Found this document useful ( 0 votes ) 0 views polymer drawing tools in a bond called a sigma.. What is the repeating unit, the Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread Nobel! ) from a polymer often requiring heat, and students in the field of chemistry molecules having weights. And $ \ce { H2NCH2CH2NH2 } $ and $ \ce { H2NCH2CH2NH2 } $ and $ \ce { H2NCH2CH2NH2 $... 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Types of polymerization reactions: addition polymerization which malonic acid and ethylenediamine would n't dream doing...

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